Frames break numerous conventions that web users had grown used to, e.g. the possibility to save a specific website as a favourite or to mail the direct URL to a friend. In addition, when viewed with older browsers, frames disable the 'Back' button and make it impossible to print out the webpage. Frames are to be avoided as far as possible, even though later generation browsers can handle them better.
Source:
"Prioritizing Web Usability" by Jakob Nielsen/Hoa Loranger
Further information:
http://www.html-faq.com/htmlframes/?FramesAreEvil
The tested website does not use frames.
The website must contain a precise "title tag", a page title. This is based on the following:
- The title is displayed on the title bar of the browser window.
- The title is used when setting a bookmark (or favourite).
- The file title is shown in the browser in the list of pages previously searched.
- Many search engines offer the title as a hyperlink.
- Search engines use the content of the title for their search.
- Website users often only read the first words and should therefore have enough information about the website.
Therefore, default titles such as "untitled document" or "untitled page" or just "title" are not useful.
Further information:
http://www.aboutwebdesign.de/awd/content/1089111663.shtmlhttp://ranta.info/ThemaTitle
The tested website contains a page title.
The website must contain a precise and meaningful "title tag", a page title. This is based on the following:
- The title is displayed on the title bar of the browser window.
- The title is used when setting a bookmark (or favourite).
- The file title is shown in the browser in the list of pages previously searched.
- Many search engines offer the title as a hyperlink.
- Search engines use the content of the title for their search.
- Website users often only read the first words and should therefore have enough information about the website.
Equally important is the choice of precise and meaningful titles. The content should be summarised in the title, helping users to find the information needed. According to Nielsen, titles should not be longer than 60 characters.
Source and further information:
"Prioritizing Web Usability" by Jakob Nielsen/Hoa Loranger and
http://www.useit.com/alertbox/weblogs.html,
http://www.usability-now.com/suchmaschinenoptimierung/.
The tested website complies with this requirement.
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The tested website successfully passed this test.
"Times New Roman" is the font mostly used in printing. For online usage, however, it is advised to use it with a size of 12 points or more. Basically, Nielsen does not advise to use it, as it is not perceived as being professional and does not appeal to any age group.
Source and further information:
"Prioritizing Web Usability" by Jakob Nielsen/Hoa Loranger
No Times New Roman font was found on the tested website.
This page is optimized for ... or "Best viewed with Netscape Navigator and 800x600" reduce unnecessarily the usability of a website and tell the website user to choose the "correct" configuration to allow an optimised display of the website. It is the duty of the website owner (web designer) to create a site so that it remains functional without loosing appeal in as many browsers and browser configurations as possible.
Further information:http://www.htmlhelp.com/feature/art2.htm ""This page optimized for ..." - arguing with customers -" the website Design Group.
No text reading "This page optimized for ..." was found on the tested website.
Links to web files placed on local files do not work, and are therefore classed as 'dead' links. Such links should be avoided.
The tested website complies with the requirements.
Internet users expect hyperlinks to be either coulour coded or underlined. Therefore, the tag "underline" should not be used for non hyperlinked text. Using the tag "underline" for non hyperlinked text confuses the user, making it more difficult to recognise genuine hyperlinks.
Source and further information:
"Prioritizing Web Usability" by Jakob Nielsen and Hora Loranger
http://www.usability.ch/Alt_nav/Alertbox/NJ_20040510.htm
No "underline" tages for non hyperlinked text were found on the tested website.
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The tested website successfully passed this test.
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The tested website successfully passed this test.
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The tested website successfully passed this test.
So called "black lists" are kept worldwide to avoid spam. The lists contain domains, e-mail addresses or IP addresses. Incoming e-mails can be treated separately if they are found to relate to one of the criteria listed. This can range from completely deny reception to a delay, from deletion to the marking as spam. Black lists can be kept locally or centrally on servers, in what is called a "Realtime Blackhole List" (RBL).
Currently, the tested Domain is not listed in any on the reviewed black lists.
Keywords allow internal and external search crawlers to find content for interested users. Keywords should be chosen from the language and vocabulary of the web user to describe the page content as closely as possible. .
The use of precise and meaningful keywords is still an advantage, even though the importance of the keywords has dramatically decreased for external crawlers. Internal crawlers can still trust your keywords and improve your website search feature.
Source and further information:
"Prioritizing Web Usability" by Jakob Nielsen/Hoa Loranger
http://www.essex.ac.uk/wag/searchguide/search2.aspx
The tested website contains keywords.
A table based layout carries many disadvantages if compared to a purely CSS layout. A CSS layout improves both accessibility and performance.
Further information:
A detailed article by Douglas Bowman can be found onhttp://www.stopdesign.com/articles/throwing_tables/.
Hint for webmasters: Be sure that when embedding third party content, e.g. with iFrame, there are no layout tables included.
The tested website does not use table layout.
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The tested website successfully passed this test.
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The tested website successfully passed this test.
An image map is a graphics file with clickable areas to re-direct users. This means that single areas of the graphics file can be defined in such way that they act like a link in a text. By clicking on the specific area, the users are taken to an external URL or to pre-defined are of the website.
Image maps contain problems, especially when they contain barriers. A solution for barrier-free image maps can be found on http://expertinnen-web.de/2006-115/barrierefreie-image-maps/
Further information: http://de.selfhtml.org/html/grafiken/verweis_sensitive.htm
The tested website complies with the requirements.
Using the ideal number of keywords can contribute to the searchability of a website. However, search engines may class it as "keyword spam" if too many keywords are used.
The keywords contained in the tested website are neither too many nor too few.
Name servers should be placed in different physical locations.
"It is recommended that three servers be provided for most
organisation level zones, with at least one which must be well
removed from the others. For zones where even higher reliability is
required, four, or even five, servers may be desirable. Two, or
occasionally three of five, would be at the local site, with the
others not geographically or topologically close to the site, or each
other."
Source and further information regarding the amount and location of a second name server can be found in RFC2182 3.1.
http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2182.html
The tested website complies with this requirement.
Missing height and width size of images is a typical error in HTML, which impacts the performance of the website. A precise definition of height and width allows a quicker download of the website, as the browser recognises the space needed for the image and can leave it empty.
Source and further information: http://de.selfhtml.org/html/grafiken/einbinden.htm#breite_hoehe
All images on the tested website contain a precise description of height and width.
Search engines do not include pages in their indexes which contain "?id=" or "&id=" in their URL or query string. Examples:
http://www.anyaddress.com/index.html?id=727
http://www.anyaddress.com/products.aspx?category=3&id=7
Google does actually index those pages since Autumn 2006, in contrast to their previous practice. Still, those URLs are not advisable since they do not specify how other objects are called, they mean nothing to users and they are not optimised for search engines. An additional tool is available for this test, which allows to highlight any warnings, tips and hints in the source text of the website. You can find this tool here:
http://www.qualidator.com/Web/en/ProductsServices/SiteAnalyzer2.htm
"If you decide to use dynamic pages (i.e., the URL contains a "?" character), be aware that not every search engine spider crawls dynamic pages as well as static pages. It helps to keep the parameters short and the number of them few."
Bad examples:
http://www.irgendeineadresse.com/index.html?id=727
http://www.irgendeineadresse.com/products.aspx?category=3&id=7
Source:
http://www.google.com/support/webmasters/bin/answer.py?answer=35769
The tested website complies with the requirements.
"According to RFC 2616, Internet HTTP Compression is a method to send, from the Web server, an HTTP response message in compressed format to a requesting Web browser.
HTTP Compression saves transfer data volume and reduces web page load time." As there are some known issues with Internet Explorer 6 you may want to disable compression for IE6.
Source: http://www.http-compression.com/
The website uses a GZIP or deflate compression for HTML files.
Names of links should be short, precise and meaningful. Links such as "more" or the die character sequence ">>" should be avoided, as the user should be specifically told what "more" can be expected.
Source and further information:
"Prioritizing Web Usability" by Jakob Nielsen/Hoa Loranger; there are also good examples on http://de.selfhtml.org/html/verweise/definieren.htm
The tested website complies with the requirements.
Accessibility guideline 10.5 for web content 1.0 W3C, dated 5th May 1999 states: "Until user agents (including assistive technologies) render adjacent links distinctly, include non-link, printable characters (surrounded by spaces) between adjacent links." http://www.w3.org/TR/WAI-WEBCONTENT.
This means that subsequent links should be separated by a printable, non hyper-linked and free-standing character. The prolem is easily solved by using a navigation list for the links <ul>. Additional characters can be added with CSS.
Further information:
http://www.vorsprungdurchwebstandards.de/theory/accessibility-nach-vorschrift/;
http://de.selfhtml.org/html/text/listen.htm
On the tested web site, subsequent links are distinguished by the list element <ul> or are clearly kept apart through printable, not hyperlinked characters.
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The tested website successfully passed this test.